Tems Investigation : Fundamentals

1.1.	Fundamentals of TEMS Investigation 8.0

TEMS Investigation 8.0 is an air interface test tool for UMTS and CDMA cellular networks, supporting all of

•	GSM/GPRS/EGPRS

•	WCDMA/HSDPA/HSUPA

•	cdmaOne/cdma2000/1xEV-DO.

TEMS Investigation enables monitoring of voice (and, in UMTS, video) telephony as well as a variety of data services over packet-switched and circuit-switched connections.

1.1.1.

Modules: Data Collection and Route Analysis

TEMS Investigation combines data collection, realtime analysis and post-processing – all in one product. It is divided into two modules, Data Collection and Route Analysis:

Data Collection is the part of TEMS Investigation that interfaces with phones and other measurement devices, collects data, and records it in logfiles. It also allows presentation and analysis of a single logfile at a time. To customers familiar with TEMS, the Data Collection module can be described as essentially encompassing the functionality of the older technology-specific products TEMS Investigation GSM, TEMS Investigation WCDMA, and TEMS Investigation HSDPA. This version also includes major functionality found in TEMS Investigation CDMA 4.0.

Route Analysis is a module that permits rapid analysis of multiple logfiles, originating from TEMS Investigation itself or from TEMS Automatic, TEMS DriveTester, or TEMS Pocket. Statistical binning of logfile data by area, time, or distance is supported.

The means of presentation – maps, line charts, and so on – are fundamentally the same in both modules.

Route Analysis also includes RAN Tuning, a reporting tool for UMTS data (packet-switched and circuit-switched). RAN Tuning evaluates the network in terms of accessibility, mobility, coverage, and retainability. The output ranges from management reports to detailed diagnostics.

1.1.2.

Package Options – Licensing

The data collection functionality is optional. Customers who dispense with TEMS Investigation supported data collection are still able to use the non-realtime functions of the Data Collection application (single-logfile replay, logfile export, etc.). The Route Analysis component is always in the package.

Cellular technologies (GSM, WCDMA, CDMA) can be freely selected and combined, except that WCDMA always comes with GSM support included.

The Base Package provides the ability to collect data with Sony Ericsson phones in UMTS networks and with Qualcomm chipset based terminals in CDMA networks. Other phones are licensed separately for each supplier or, in the case of Qualcomm, for each chipset.

The Base Package permits data collection with one phone at a time. A separate license option is available for collecting data with multiple phones concurrently.

Audio quality measurement (AQM), including PESQ, is likewise sold as a separate option. This option includes all required hardware as well as the ability to connect that hardware to TEMS Investigation.

1.1.3.

Connectable Equipment

TEMS Investigation 8.0 supports a wide variety of user terminals, including ones from Sony Ericsson, LG, Motorola, Nokia, Qualcomm, and Samsung. They allow extensive monitoring of both UMTS and CDMA networks and of GSM–UTRAN as well as cdmaOne–cdma2000–1xEV-DO interaction.

For WCDMA scanning, the application supports the PCTel SeeGull LX, Rohde & Schwarz TSMU, and Anritsu ML8720/8740/8741 scanners, all capable of scanning multiple frequencies simultaneously. For GSM scanning, Sony Ericsson GSM phones as well as PCTel scanners can be used.

For CDMA scanning, PCTel SeeGull CDMA scanners are supported.

GPS units can be connected for geographical positioning. Manual positioning (“pinpointing”) is supported, with indoor measurements in mind.

The number of external devices that can be connected simultaneously in the application is dependent on many factors, such as whether a data service is being run. See the Release Note for further information.

1.2.	What’s New in TEMS Investigation 8.0

The most important new features in this release are:

•	CDMA support

•	Audio quality measurement with PESQ

•	HSUPA support

1.2.1.

CDMA Support

This release of TEMS Investigation integrates CDMA support into what has previously been a UMTS-specific product. The cdmaOne, cdma2000, and EV-DO functionality is broadly similar to what has hitherto been found in the separate product TEMS Investigation CDMA but also introduces important new features:

•	Wide range of radio and network measurements supported, similar to TEMS Investigation CDMA 4.0. This version adds support for EV-DO Rev A.

•	Data collection with terminals based on Qualcomm chipsets MSM5100 (cdma2000), MSM6500 (EV-DO Rev 0), and MSM6800 (EV-DO Rev A).

•	Scanning with PCTel SeeGull LX: pilot scan (all pilots/selected pilots/Top N) on one or several frequencies in cdma2000, EV-DO, and cdmaOne networks (IS-2000, IS-856, and IS-95). The scanner has a built-in GPS.

1.2.2.

Audio Quality Measurement (AQM) with PESQ

PESQ, short for Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality, is the industry standard for speech quality measurement and a tried and tested tool in TEMS Automatic. The PESQ algorithm measures end-to-end speech quality by comparing one party's undistorted input signal (serving as reference) with the degraded version of the same signal received by the other party. The severity of the degradation as perceived by human listeners is assessed using highly refined models of the human ear and the brain's processing of auditory input.

The PESQ algorithm is defined by the ITU standard P.862. For in-depth information about PESQ, see also www.pesq.org.

Other audio quality measurements performed by TEMS Investigation include echo delay, echo attenuation, volume, and silent call detection.

1.2.3.

HSUPA Support

Simply put, HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) brings the same refinements to the UTRAN uplink as HSDPA brought to its downlink. That is, the purpose of HSUPA is to increase the maximum user throughput, to decrease the user delay, and to increase the system capacity. HSUPA is also known as Enhanced Uplink, EUL.

TEMS Investigation introduces a set of new information elements for diagnosing HSUPA performance (beyond basic throughput values, which are of course also obtained). These include Average Serving Grant, Average E-TFCI, DTX Rate, and UE Happy Rate. Besides the information elements, HSUPA mode reports are presented in the Mode Reports message window.

1.2.4.

Support for New Terminals

•

UMTS:

–	Sony Ericsson K790a, K790i: GSM phones, both with EDGE support (EDGE capability can be turned off)

–	Sony Ericsson K800i: UMTS phone with new UMTS control functionality (WCDMA cell selection control; BLER target override)

–	Motorola Razr V3xx: UMTS phone supporting Band I (Europe/Japan/Asia Pacific 2100 MHz) with HSDPA capability enabling data transmission up to 3.6 Mbit/s

–	Qualcomm MSM7200 chipset based terminals: WCDMA Band I, II, V (2100/1900/850 MHz), HSUPA up to 5.76 Mbit/s, HSDPA up to 7.2 Mbit/s

•	CDMA: See list of supported Qualcomm chipsets above. Suppliers of terminals based on these chipsets include Kyocera, LG, Motorola, Option GT, Samsung, and Sierra Wireless. EV-DO capability is provided by MSM6500 chipset (Rev 0) and MSM6800 chipset (Rev A) terminals.

1.2.5.

Video Telephony Quality Index (VTQI)

This is an Ericsson proprietary algorithm for judging the quality of video calls. It is a no-reference method based primarily on BLER and on information about the codec and bit rate used to encode the video and audio signals. See chapter 26.

1.2.6.

Video Streaming Enhancements

Video streaming testing has been extended to support live streaming, that is, reception of live broadcasts and repeating playlists sent out from streaming servers.

Received streamed content can be saved to AVI files.

1.2.7.

Improved Automatic Detection of External Equipment

The autodetect function has been redesigned and greatly improved, so that all state-of-the-art user terminals, scanners, and GPS units are automatically detected and enabled by the application as soon as they are plugged into the PC.

1.2.8.

Discarding of Layer 3 Messages

In the new Sony Ericsson phones (see section 1.2.4 above), the user can opt to discard selected types of Layer 3 messages.

1.2.9.

Route Analysis: New Tasks

The Route Analysis application has been augmented with two new tasks, both using the Map window:

•	a benchmarking task, ideal for comparing PESQ and other quality measures between operators

•	a filtering task for GSM, where the displaying of route markers is restricted to user-selected values of ARFCN and BSIC.

1.2.11.

MDM Support

TEMS Investigation logfiles can be exported in MDM format.

1.2.12.

Missing Neighbor Events Based on Phone Data (GSM/WCDMA)

Two new Missing Neighbor events have been introduced which are triggered by data from phones, thus providing a reliable indication of missing neighbors. The new events supplement the pre-existing one (for WCDMA) which is based on scan data only.

1.2.13.

Licensing

Inserting the hardware key is now required also for the Data Collection application. Without the hardware key the application cannot be launched.

Two new license options are introduced, one for AQM and one for connection of multiple user terminals. Without the latter, only one user terminal can be connected in TEMS Investigation.

2.	Quick Guide to the User Interface

This section gives a quick overview of the TEMS Investigation Data Collection user interface. The user interface is described in more detail in next chapter

Workspace and Worksheets

The entity that stores all the windows and settings used in a working session is called the workspace. Only one workspace can be open at a time.

To manage your windows more smoothly, you can divide your workspace into several worksheets. Up to ten worksheets can be active simultaneously.

Toolbars

Through the toolbars all the central functions are accessible. Most of the toolbar buttons are mirrored in the menus.

Navigator

From the Navigator, you can open presentation windows, change the color ranges of information elements, and manage your worksheets.

The Navigator is especially useful for configuring the workspace at the beginning of a session.

Menu Bar

The menus mirror most of the toolbars as well as the Navigator’s Menu and Worksheets tabs.

Status Bar

The Status bar displays symbols and short messages that indicate the current status of the application.

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Nemo Analyze: Workbooks Adding Data Viewes

Adding Data Views - Step 1

In order to view measurement data in the workbook you will need to create a data view. Right-click on the workbook and select Page | Add Data View | . An empty data view will be opened in the workbook.

Adding Data Views - Step 2

Add data in the data view. You have two options. You can either drag a measurement file in the data view or right-click on the view and select Pick Parameter. In the latter case, first choose the graph type.

In the Pick Parameter dialog select the measurement file in the Measurement field and pick the parameter to be viewed. In the Filter field you can type the name of the parameter you want to add in the data view to locate all the options, in this case all instances of BLER, more quickly from the list.

The selected view is opened.

Adding Data Views - Step 3

You can create several pages and each page can contain several data views. To add more data views on the same page, right-click on the view and select Page | Add Data View | . If you select Data View | Insert | , the existing data view is replaced with the new one.

Adding Data Views - Step 4

Right-click on the empty grid view, select Pick Parameter, select the parameter to be displayed and click OK. Now you have a workbook with one page that contains two data views. You can now add more pages to the data view.

Nemo Analyze: Adding Folder to Database

Adding Folders to Database

You can also organize measurements in the Workspace. Right-click on the All Measurements item and select Add Folder.

There are three types of folders you can add: Drag & Drop, Search, and Query.

Drag and Drop Folders

Drag and Drop folders are folders where you can drag and drop files from the All Measurements folder. You can organize files, for example, by technology or place. When you drag and drop files from the All Measurements folder to the custom-made sub-folders, the files are only copied, i.e., the files will appear in two folders. To create a drag and drop folder, right-click on the All Measurements item and select Add Folder | Drag & Drop. The drag & drop folders are identified with a symbol.

The example shows a Workspace with two custom-made drag & drop folders named September 2006 and CDMA2000. The September 2006 folder has four files, and the CDMA2000 folder has two files. The same files are also in the All Measurements folder.

Query Folders

Query folders are folders where files are added based on user-defined criteria, that is, queries. Once the query is defined, Nemo Analyze will go through the measurement files in the database and automatically add all relevant files to the query folder.

Right-click on the Measurements item, select Add Folder | Query. In the Query field, select the criteria according to which the files will be copied to the folder, e.g., Last Year. The folder will be named automatically, but if you wish to name the folder manually, clear the checkbox and type a name. If you want the folder to be updated automatically when files are added or removed from the database, select the Auto-update… checkbox. Click OK.

Nemo Analyze creates the new folder, and the files that match the query criteria are copied to the folder. The query folders are identified with a symbol.

The example shows a Workspace with one custom-made query folder named Last Year.

Joined Measurements

With Nemo Analyze it is possible to join separate measurement files into a joined measurement. Joined measurements will be handled as one measurement file.

Note: You cannot join overlapping measurement files. Files must have been recorded at different times.

Right-click on All Measurements and select Add Joined Measurement.

In the Add Joined Measurement dialog, type a name for the joined measurement, e.g., 18 June 2006..

The joined measurement appears in the Workspace and you can now drag and drop measurement files in it. Joined measurements are identified with a symbol.

Nemo Analyze: Organized Measurement

Organize Measurements

By default, all added measurement files go into the All Measurements folder.

If you have a lot of files, it may be convenient to categorize measurement files into custom-made subfolders. In the Organize Measurements dialog you can conveniently handle and organize large sets of measurement files. Go to Go to View in the ribbon bar and select Organize Measurements, or right-click on the All Measurements folder in the Workspace and select Organize.

In the Organize Measurements dialog you can create new folders, make joined measurements, and remove files from drag & drop folders. Right-click on a folder in the left-hand panel to create new folders.

Select measurements, right-click on them, and select Join to create a joined measurement.

You can also organize measurements in the Workspace. Right-click on the All Measurements item and select Add Folder.

Nemo Analyze: Creating The Data base

Adding Files to Database

When you start Nemo Analyze 5.0 for the first time, the database is empty. Adding files - measurements, BTS files, and maps - to the database may take a while, but once files have been added, they will remain in the database until you remove them.

Select File | Measurement | Open Measurement /Map/BTS/Report/Data Source File. From the Open dialog box, select the files you want to add to the database and click Open. You can select several files by holding down the Shift key.

Note: Adding files to the database may take several minutes depending on the number and size of the files.

Note: All the files need to have unique file names.

The added measurement files will appear in the All Measurements folder in the Workspace view in the left-hand side of the Nemo Analyze main window.

Adding Maps to Database

In addition to adding map files in the database through File | Measurement | Open Map, you can import image files to be used as maps. Select File |Import | Image as mapC. In the Open dialog, select the image that you want to use as a map. It can be, for example, a floorplan from a test site. After selecting the image file you need to define either the width and length of the map area in meters or the GPS coordinates for two map corners. After you click OK, the map is added in the database and it will appear in the Maps folder in the workspace.

You can create black and white copies of raster maps by right-clicking on a map in the workspace and selecting Create Black & White Copy. The map is saved with the same name with ‘BW’ added at the end of the file name.

Adding CSV Files to the Database

In addition to files produced with Nemo tools, you can import any character-separated value (CSV) ASCII data into the Nemo Analyze database. The data can be post-processed and visualized using the dataviews available in Nemo Analyze.

Select View | Tools | Database manager.

The User Manager dialog opens.

To create a new CSV import template, select the folder Database Management | CSV Templates from the directory tree, right-click on the Template field right of the directory tree, and select Add Template… from the popup menu.

The CSV Import Wizard – CSV Template File dialog opens.

Template file enables you to select a CSV file to serve as a basis for the import template. Click the browse button to browse for CSV files.

Extension enables you to define the file type the import template will apply to.

Note: It is recommended that the extensions of CSV files with different content structures are renamed to provide each type with a unique extension. For instance, four different types of CSV files, all originally with the extension .csv, could be renamed as .csv1, .csv2, .csv3, and .csv4.

Once Template file and Extension have been defined, click Next.

The CSV Import Wizard – CSV Import dialog opens.

Ignore defines the parts of the imported data set that are to be ignored when uploading the data, i.e. the parts that do not contain relevant data. Column row defines the number of top rows to be ignored. Rows allows you to define specific rows to be ignored. Rows starting with allows you to define rows starting with a specific string to be ignored.

Columns allows you to divide a CSV data set into columns. Fixed lines defines the content of each column based on the number of characters in a CSV string. For example, the setting 12, 22, 32 defines that the first twelve characters (including spaces) belong to column 1, the next 22 characters to column 2, and the next 32 characters to column 3. Fixed lines should only be used if there are no delimiters in the data set. Delimiter defines the character that separates columns in the CSV data set. You can use one of the default delimiters, i.e. comma, dot, semicolon, , or , or you can define your own delimiter character by entering a character to the Delimiter field.

Strip leading and trailing quotation marks removes leading and trailing quotation marks from each column of the imported data set.

File preview displays a preview of the CSV file contents.

Once the Ignore and Columns settings have been defined, click Next.

The CSV Import Wizard – Database Schema Definition dialog opens.

Table name defines the name of the template.

Columns enables you to select which columns are included in the imported data set and to define the properties of each column using Column, Column type and Format.

Decimal separator defines the decimal separator as comma or dot.

Column defines the name of the column selected in the Columns control.

Column type defines the data type of the column selected in the Columns control.

Keyword allows you to define the content type of columns containing some general data types, such as time and positioning data. Based on these defined content types, the data can be correlated with measurement files of other formats.

Format defines the data display format of the column selected in the Columns control.

Data preview displays a preview of the data set structure.

Once the properties of each column have been defined, click Finish.

The new template is displayed in the Template field of the User Manager window.

To open a CSV files using an import template, select File | Measurement | Open Measurement.

The Open dialog opens.

Select CSV import template (e.g. Template1) using the Files of type drop-down menu, browse to a folder containing measurement files with the extension defined in the template, select a file, and click Open.

Nemo Analyze: Starting Nemo

Starting Nemo Analyze

After running Setup, you will see a new Nemo Tools program group under the Programs selection in the Windows® Start menu.

• To start Nemo Analyze:

1. Double-click the Nemo Analyze.exe icon in My Computer or select it from the Start menu (Start | Programs | Nemo Tools | Nemo Analyze 5).

2. When Nemo Analyze is starting, hold down the Shift key to prevent Nemo Analyze from loading a previously used workspace.

3. When the program starts, the window below will open. In the Welcome to Nemo Analyze workbook you will find useful information about Nemo Analyze, links to related documents, and shortcuts to loading measurement and BTS files.

Using Nemo Analyze

In Nemo Analyze you can view measurement data in multiple ways. The most convenient way, however, is to focus on the Workspace user interface since it is quick and easy. For example, in the workspace you can double-click a parameter, and Nemo Analyze opens the parameter automatically in the default data view. Furthermore, you can go to View--> Workbook--> Add Data View, choose a particular data view, select a measurement, and drag a parameter from the parameter tree in the data view. You can also view several parameters in the same data view by dragging them in it. If you drag a parameter in an empty workbook, a dialog box appears and asks you to select a data view type.

If you drag a measurement file to a workbook with a data view, a dialogue box emerges asking you to select the parameter you wish to view. The filter field above the parameter tree is useful when looking for a specific parameter in a long list.

All data views are synchronized with each other based on time. Consequently, if you open two or more data views on the same measurement file but on different parameters simultaneously, and switch from one point of time in one data view to another point in time, the data in the other data views change accordingly.

Workspace

The Workspace forms the basis of the user interface in Nemo Analyze. All measurements and parameters can be found in the workspace, and from there it is convenient to drag them in various data views. See also Using Nemo Analyze. The workspace view is by default attached to the left-hand side of the Analyze main window. You can also drag it elsewhere in the window, and if you want to dock it back to the side of the main window, double-click on the Workspace.

The Workspace view consists of five pages: Measurements, Base Stations, Maps, Data Source Files, and Reports pages respectively. You can view each page via the descriptive icon tabs at the bottom of the Workspace view. You cannot create sub-folders or otherwise edit these folders.

The Measurements page in the Workspace is divided into three sections: Folders, Folder Contents, and the Parameter tree. The folders include the All Measurements folder, which shows all the files that are currently in the database, and other user-defined folders. The Folder Contents displays a list of all measurements in the folder selected in the Folders section. The name of the measurement device is also displayed when the mouse is hovered over a measurement file. The Parameter Tree shows all available parameters and KPIs for the selected file, measurement, or folder, depending on the selections in the other two sections. The KPIs can be displayed in graphs, maps, and other data views, and statistics can also be calculated from the parameter tree.

Workspace Filters

In the Workspace there are two filter functions to assist the user in rapid location of measurement files or parameters.

First, above the measurement files (see the red box) you can find the filter for measurement files. Type the name of the measurement file in the filter field to find the desired measurement file.

Second, above the parameter tree you can see the filter field for parameters. Type in the name of the parameter, and only parameters matching the name will be viewed in the parameter tree.

Use Case - Polygon Area Selection

With parameter filtering it is also possible to limit a query based on a user-defined area, i.e. by Polygon area selection. As a consequence, the results of a query will be limited to the user-defined part of a measurement route in the chosen data view. This is useful, for example, when you want the values of a parameter to be viewed with a value-based color set only on a part of the route on a map. In this case, the rest of the measurement route will be colored with a default color. In this example we will select Ec/No best active set as the parameter.

Select a measurement file in the Workspace and type Ec/No best active set in the Parameter Tree filter field. Right-click on the parameter and select Open With Filters In --> Map.

An empty workbook and the Analyze Wizard - Fill Parameters dialog box appear. In the dialog box select Area under Name, and press the … tab.

The Select Area dialog box appears. Select a map in the Filename field, or load one through the … tab. Next, define an area on the map by clicking on it. The Save As tab also enables you to save the map with the selected area for later use. Click OK.

The Analyze Wizard – Fill Parameters dialog box appears. Click Finish.

A new workbook opens. The measurement route on the map is colored with the Ec/No color set over the section of the route specified with the polygon area. The rest of the route is colored with the default color, here blue.